FYI, I've tested the sample video with 7 players and can get the sound without any problem:
- MS Media Player (included in W8.1)
- Xbox Video (included in W8.1)
- SM Player
- DivX Player
- GOM Player
- KM Player
- PotPlayer
I hope we're going to find a solution.
I would be sad to end a long love story with VLC.

It's just perhaps 1 or 2 parameters to set but they are so numerous !
DivX Player infos (if it can help)
================
General
Complete name : C:\VLC_test\VLC_308_no_sound.mp4
Format : MPEG-4
Format profile : Base Media
Codec ID : isom (isom/iso2/avc1/mp41)
File size : 2.85 MiB
Duration : 12 s 523 ms
Overall bit rate : 1 908 kb/s
Writing application : Lavf57.25.100
Video
ID : 1
Format : AVC
Format/Info : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile : Main@L4
Format settings, CABAC : Yes
Format settings, RefFram : 1 frame
Codec ID : avc1
Codec ID/Info : Advanced Video Coding
Duration : 12 s 520 ms
Bit rate : 1 590 kb/s
Width : 1 920 pixels
Height : 1 080 pixels
Display aspect ratio : 16:9
Frame rate mode : Constant
Frame rate : 25.000 FPS
Color space : YUV
Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0
Bit depth : 8 bits
Scan type : Progressive
Bits/(Pixel*Frame) : 0.031
Stream size : 2.37 MiB (83%)
Audio
ID : 2
Format : AAC
Format/Info : Advanced Audio Codec
Format profile : LC
Codec ID : 40
Duration : 12 s 523 ms
Bit rate mode : Constant
Bit rate : 310 kb/s
Channel(s) : 2 channels
Channel positions : Front: L R
Sampling rate : 48.0 kHz
Frame rate : 46.875 FPS (1024 SPF)
Compression mode : Lossy
Stream size : 474 KiB (16%)
Language : unk
Default : Yes
Alternate group : 1