new to linux and vlc, dvd not playing

[glogo]

Hello.

thank you for your unique player.

I have installed it also on the windows partition where it works fine. that is the latest version.

for my debian partition (lenny) did an apt-get install and got an older version, but I assume that should also work if installed and configured properly. why it is not working, I can only guess. Maybe the location of the dvd is not given properly. but I changed this under prefs. on my system it is /media/cdrom0. So, in preference I changed all the references where it was saying /dev/hdc to /media/cdrom0. but still my dvd is not playing.

where else can I look for the solution? have read the faq and looked over the wiki pages, but the info is there very general. Did not find this specific issue mentioned anywhere in detail.

thanks for your help.
glogo

[Jean-Baptiste Kempf]

Installed libdvdcss?

[glogo]

Hello, and thanks for your prompt reply to my query.

no, I have not installed, it. I could not find it in my repositories, but perhaps I have to put another repos ref into my /etc/apt/sources.list file? the only thing I saw that looked like that package was libdvdread3 etc.

actually, I am thinking this might be just a general system problem. I noticed that when I put the disc in the cdrom it does not automatically mount. Maybe I have to put cdrom into plugdev??? so new I am to linux, so I don't have much idea about groups and permissions etc. but I will investigate this on the #debian irc channel shortly.

after I manually mounted the drive, then tried the player with two separate dvds, both of which worked on my last win install of vlc, the one just did not do anything. the other showed as if it were going to play (the black screen popped up) then it crashed, the whole app just died.

thanks for any of your ideas. very grateful for all your help.

glogo

PS. the version running is 0.8.6h Janus (wxWidgets interface), but I was thinking about compiling the newer one from source. tried that on a recent debian install. had to reinstall my system on this old box after the whole hard disc crashed. maybe will try that again.

[glogo]

By the way, I added the repository from videolan.org to my /etc/apt/sources.list file. then I installed the library mentioned above. I think it was called libdvdcss2. But this did not solve the problem.

then I went to the wiki page and started the process towards compiling the app from source. so, we downloaded about 195 different libs to get ready to do that.

then I realized, I have to uninstall (remove or purge) the old install before installing the new app, right?

can I do that without getting rid of all the libs just added? anyone have any experience with this?

Thanks for any help.

G

[glogo]

OK.
Decided to do the Right Thing. Staying with the older player for now, because it might be that the reason the player works "out of the box" in winOS and not in linOS has to be a simple matter of configuration. since what is the difference between the two OSs? --:> users, groups, permissions...

System: Debian 5.0 "lenny"
VLC media player 0.8.6h Janus (wxWidgets interface)

have chmod'ed to 666 the /media/cdrom0 mount point
have loaded the libdvdcss2 library

Still the dvd does not play. from the following debug output, what can we see?

Code: Select all

00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: trying to go to dvd menu [00000294] main private debug: thread 3000634256 (dvdnav event thread handler) created at priority 0 (dvdnav.c:336) [00000292] main demuxer debug: using access_demux module "dvdnav" [00000290] main input debug: `dvd:///media/cdrom0' successfully opened [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: DVDNAV_HOP_CHANNEL [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: DVDNAV_VTS_CHANGE [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - vtsN=1 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - domain=8 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: DVDNAV_CELL_CHANGE [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - cellN=1 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - pgN=1 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - cell_length=36000 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - pg_length=36000 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - pgc_length=36000 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - cell_start=0 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - pg_start=0 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: DVDNAV_SPU_CLUT_CHANGE [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: DVDNAV_SPU_STREAM_CHANGE [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - physical_wide=0 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - physical_letterbox=0 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - physical_pan_scan=0 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: buttonUpdate 1 [00000290] main input debug: selecting program id=0 [00000295] main decoder debug: looking for decoder module: 25 candidates [00000295] main decoder debug: using decoder module "spudec" [00000295] main decoder debug: thread 2988170128 (decoder) created at priority 0 (input/decoder.c:159) [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: DVDNAV_AUDIO_STREAM_CHANGE [00000292] dvdnav demuxer debug: - physical=0 [00000292] dvdnav demuxer warning: cannot get next block (Error reading NAV packet.) [00000290] main input debug: closing input [00000294] main private debug: thread 3000634256 joined (dvdnav.c:352) [00000295] main decoder debug: removing module "spudec" [00000295] main decoder debug: thread 2988170128 joined (input/decoder.c:191) [00000295] main decoder debug: killing decoder fourcc `spu ', 0 PES in FIFO [00000290] main input debug: Program doesn't contain anymore ES [00000292] main demuxer debug: removing module "dvdnav" [00000290] main input debug: thread 3009375120 joined (input/input.c:412) [00000281] main playlist: nothing to play [00000281] main playlist debug: adding playlist item `dvdsimple:///media/cdrom0' ( dvdsimple:///media/cdrom0 ) [00000281] main playlist debug: creating new input thread [00000343] main input debug: waiting for thread completion [00000343] main input debug: `dvdsimple:///media/cdrom0' gives access `dvdsimple' demux `' path `/media/cdrom0' [00000343] main input debug: creating demux: access='dvdsimple' demux='' path='/media/cdrom0' [00000344] main demuxer debug: looking for access_demux module: 1 candidate [00000343] main input debug: thread 3009375120 (input) created at priority 0 (input/input.c:265) [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: VMG opened [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: number of titles: 3 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: title 0 has 1 chapters [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: title 1 has 1 chapters [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: title 2 has 14 chapters [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: open VTS 1, for title 1 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: title 1 vts_title 1 pgc 1 pgn 1 start 0 end 10599 blocks: 10600 [00000343] main input debug: selecting program id=0 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 1 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 2 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 3 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 4 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 5 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 6 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 7 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 8 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 9 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 10 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 11 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 12 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 13 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 14 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 15 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 16 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 17 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 18 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 19 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 20 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 21 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 22 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 23 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 24 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 25 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 26 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 27 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 28 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 29 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 30 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 31 0x00 [00000344] dvdread demuxer debug: spu 32 0x00 [00000344] main demuxer debug: using access_demux module "dvdread" [00000346] main decoder debug: looking for decoder module: 25 candidates [00000346] main decoder debug: using decoder module "libmpeg2" [00000346] main decoder debug: thread 2988170128 (decoder) created at priority 0 (input/decoder.c:159) [00000343] main input debug: `dvdsimple:///media/cdrom0' successfully opened [00000344] dvdread demuxer error: read failed for block 0 [00000343] main input debug: closing input [00000346] main decoder debug: removing module "libmpeg2" [00000346] main decoder debug: thread 2988170128 joined (input/decoder.c:191) [00000346] main decoder debug: killing decoder fourcc `mpgv', 0 PES in FIFO [00000343] main input debug: Program doesn't contain anymore ES [00000344] main demuxer debug: removing module "dvdread" [00000343] main input debug: thread 3009375120 joined (input/input.c:412) [00000281] main playlist: nothing to play

tried both with and without menus, this dvd does have a very small menu, I think, but the tail of the debug code is the same both times.

Grateful for any help here.
Total Novice at VLC
Not so total novice, but still noob at Nix.
glogo

[Jean-Baptiste Kempf]

[00000292] dvdnav demuxer warning: cannot get next block (Error reading NAV packet.)
[00000344] dvdread demuxer error: read failed for block 0

I don't see the libdvdcss being loaded... I don't know.

[glogo]

ok, just a test.

Code: Select all

# apt-get install libdvdcss2 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done libdvdcss2 is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.

I think it has to be something really simple that I am missing.
Greetings.
G

PS: after some searching found this:

Bug#516520: vlc: will not play videos in Lenny which used to work in Etch

It would seem it's a bug with this particular version. So, that would mean we will be compiling the newer version. Wish me luck.
g

[Arite]

Where did you get libdvdcss2 from? If you didn't get it from here try Debian Multimedia:
http://debian-multimedia.org/

However as you said it is likely to be a bug with the VLC package and not libdvdcss.

Also if you want to try e.g. VLC from testing/squeeze repository - i.e. this version:
http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/vlc

You could add the testing repositories to sources.list, do some apt pinning (see here), then do:

Code: Select all

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get remove vlc sudo apt-get -t testing install vlc

Where "testing" is the name of the repository (could also be "squeeze").

Arite.

[glogo]

Where did you get libdvdcss2 from? If you didn't get it from here try Debian Multimedia:
http://debian-multimedia.org/

However as you said it is likely to be a bug with the VLC package and not libdvdcss.

Also if you want to try e.g. VLC from testing/squeeze repository - i.e. this version:
http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/vlc

You could add the testing repositories to sources.list, do some apt pinning (see here), then do:

Code: Select all
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get remove vlc
sudo apt-get -t testing install vlc


Where "testing" is the name of the repository (could also be "squeeze").

Actually, I think it was debian-multimedia, where I downloaded that lib. what is apt-pinning? oops, missed that "here" link... checking into that...

Anyway, I tried my luck at compiling the latest version 0.9.9a, but it does not compile on my machine. at make I get an Error 1, on make install errors 1 and 2. Whatever that means. Tried googling that, but did not find a lot.

So, what do you mean? testing is the nightly? so it could be anything, but it might work? and is it okay to use this on lenny? squeeze is the next debian version, right? now I have a lot of googling ahead of me, it would seem.

just general info on this install. I am running according to instructions posted here. http://tuxarena.blogspot.com/2009/03/ho ... -from.html

while running the make, I see all kinds of errors and warnings being reported. I know this is pretty normal and it does not necessarily mean the resulting code won't work. but are there specific errors I should look out for? It sure takes a long time to do this, at least on my old machine. it would be helpful to know if there is something specific to scan over while it's running, some tell-tale signs.

so, maybe I should also start a new thread, since now the topic is a bit different.
thanks for your response
glogo

[glogo]

I am not grokking this. this is like what we call in german, the "rat's tail". I just wanted to watch a DVD. I know it's probably going to be at some point useful to know all this (or is it?), but it's getting too complicated. Ok, this is the cross-over phase from win to lin. something in me still wants it to "just work".
apt-get and the sources.list. that's all ok, but now I have to manage a preferences file and what else? and then there's stable, unstable, testing and now a newer debian..

I am a little lost at this point. but does this mean, if I can do the above, that I won't have to run that ugly, time-consuming compile? If so, it might be worth it.
fun, fun, fun
g

[glogo]

Ok,
so, it says when I try to install the testing version that there are unmet dependencies. vlc-nox. then when I try to get that, it says that for that package also there are unmet depends, some libraries are missing. Kind of makes me feel tired...
g

[Arite]

There are two ways of installing something from a different repository:

Code: Select all

sudo apt-get install vlc/testing

Or:

Code: Select all

sudo apt-get -t testing install vlc

Don't do the first one as it doesn't get the required dependancies as well - only does the single package. The latter should work OK.

So anyway, you should have, for example, this in your /etc/apt/sources.list:

Code: Select all

## Debian testing deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free

Then in /etc/apt/preferences something like this:

Code: Select all

Package: * Pin: release a=lenny Pin-Priority: 900 Package: * Pin: release a=testing Pin-Priority: 800

Where "lenny" is your distribution.

Then do a:

Code: Select all

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get remove vlc sudo apt-get -t testing install vlc

If you did all that and it doesn't work... well then you could try meeting dependancies etc. however that shouldn't be a problem with just testing (does happen with e.g. experimental though).

If you want to compile it you could try j-b's method for it on Ubuntu (which should hopefully translate to Debian easily):
http://www.jbkempf.com/blog/post/2009/0 ... 5-commands

The key bit getting the dependencies for VLC first.

Arite.

[glogo]

There are two ways of installing something from a different repository:

Code: Select all

sudo apt-get install vlc/testing

Or:

Code: Select all

sudo apt-get -t testing install vlc

Don't do the first one as it doesn't get the required dependancies as well - only does the single package. The latter should work OK.

which is exactly what I did, but still complained that it was not going to install vlc-nox because of missing dependencies.

Then I went on to try the following by adding these repos etc.:

So anyway, you should have, for example, this in your /etc/apt/sources.list:

Code: Select all

## Debian testing deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free

But this does not work. Maybe you can be more specific than "something like", because apt did not like this code.

Then in /etc/apt/preferences something like this:

Code: Select all

Package: * Pin: release a=lenny Pin-Priority: 900 Package: * Pin: release a=testing Pin-Priority: 800

Where "lenny" is your distribution.

I mean, just copy pasted this to a new file with nano, at /etc/apt/preferences. but apt says:

Code: Select all

apt-get -t testing install vlc Reading package lists... Done E: Invalid record in the preferences file, no Package header

So, something I am supposed to plug in, instead of the *. In linOS it's always so cryptic. LIke, just paste something from a man file and then we assume, because the syntax is there, the noob knows what to write where. So, I don't know. I tried replacing the * with "vlc" but that also did not work.

So, I really appreciate all your help. But I thought I would try this, Now I am starting to think, maybe synaptic is my friend. I will see if it knows what to do, how to find these dependencies, etc. and do I really need this apt pinning business? I mean, it asks me if I want to install the stuff first. So, If i don't like what it's offering up, I can just say no, right? I am sure this apt pinning must be important, but I just don't "get" it yet. (get it,
thanks
G

PS

this is what synaptic tells me when I try to install vlc-nox:

Code: Select all

vlc-nox: Depends: libasound2 (>1.0.18) but 1.0.16-2 is to be installed Depends: libavcodec52 but it is not going to be installed or libavcodec-unstripped-52 (>=3:0.svn20090303-1) but it is not installable Depends: libdvdnav4 (>=4.1.3) but 4.1.2-3 is to be installed

Then it says, make sure you have all your repositories etc. So, it looks like there is a conflict somewhere. when I tried with apt-get last time, it said it wants to uninstall smplayer/mplayer etc. so maybe I will try that?
Or I just google until I find the right packages... Hmm....

[glogo]

OK, this is it, it's now downloading and maybe it will work.

You know what it was?

Code: Select all

The first package to install is debian-multimedia-keyring. First download the debian-multimedia-keyring package. Then under root or with sudo do the following : "dpkg -i debian-multimedia-keyring_2008.10.16.deb" or "sudo dpkg -i debian-multimedia-keyring_2008.10.16.deb" And voila.

Voila indeed.

[glogo]

I give up:

VLC 0.9.8a Grischenko

Code: Select all

[00000407] main demux debug: looking for access_demux module: 2 candidates libdvdnav: Using dvdnav version 4.1.3 libdvdread: Using libdvdcss version 1.2.10 for DVD access libdvdread: Attempting to use device /dev/hdc mounted on /media/cdrom0 for CSS authentication libdvdread: Could not open /dev/hdc with libdvdcss. libdvdread: Can't open /dev/hdc for reading libdvdread: Device /dev/hdc inaccessible, CSS authentication not available. libdvdnav: Can't read name block. Probably not a DVD-ROM device. libdvdnav: Unable to find map file '/home/ashram/.dvdnav/.map' libdvdnav: DVD disk reports itself with Region mask 0x00c00000. Regions: 1 2 3 4 5 6 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: trying to go to dvd menu [00000409] main generic debug: thread started [00000409] main generic debug: thread 2947820432 (dvdnav event thread handler) created at priority 0 (dvdnav.c:351) [00000407] main demux debug: using access_demux module "dvdnav" [00000407] main demux debug: TIMER module_Need() : 17.833 ms - Total 17.833 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 17.833 ms) [00000406] main input debug: `dvd:///media/cdrom0' successfully opened [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_HOP_CHANNEL [00000406] main input debug: control type=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_VTS_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - vtsN=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - domain=8 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_CELL_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - cellN=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pgN=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - cell_length=36000 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pg_length=36000 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pgc_length=36000 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - cell_start=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pg_start=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_SPU_CLUT_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_SPU_STREAM_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical_wide=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical_letterbox=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical_pan_scan=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: buttonUpdate not done b=1 t=0 [00000406] main input debug: selecting program id=0 [00000410] main decoder debug: looking for decoder module: 30 candidates [00000406] main input debug: thread 2956897168 (input) created at priority 10 (input/input.c:370) [00000403] qt4 interface debug: Updating the stream status: 3 [00000410] main decoder debug: using decoder module "spudec" [00000410] main decoder debug: TIMER module_Need() : 182.369 ms - Total 182.369 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 182.369 ms) [00000410] main decoder debug: thread started [00000410] main decoder debug: thread 2922163088 (decoder) created at priority 0 (input/decoder.c:217) [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_AUDIO_STREAM_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux warning: cannot get next block (Error reading NAV packet.) [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: jumping to first title [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_HOP_CHANNEL [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_VTS_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - vtsN=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - domain=2 [00000410] main decoder debug: removing module "spudec" [00000410] main decoder debug: thread ended [00000410] main decoder debug: thread 2922163088 joined (input/decoder.c:248) [00000410] main decoder debug: killing decoder fourcc `spu ', 0 PES in FIFO [00000406] main input debug: Program doesn't contain anymore ES [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_CELL_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - cellN=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pgN=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - cell_length=1803000 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pg_length=1803000 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pgc_length=1803000 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - cell_start=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - pg_start=0 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_SPU_CLUT_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_SPU_STREAM_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical_wide=-1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical_letterbox=-1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical_pan_scan=-1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: buttonUpdate not done b=1 t=1 [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: DVDNAV_AUDIO_STREAM_CHANGE [00000407] dvdnav demux debug: - physical=-1 [00000407] dvdnav demux warning: cannot get next block (Error reading NAV packet.) [00000403] qt4 interface debug: New Event: type 1103 [00000403] qt4 interface debug: Updating the stream status: 9 [00000403] qt4 interface debug: New Event: type 1103 [00000368] main playlist debug: finished input [00000368] main playlist debug: dying input [00000403] qt4 interface debug: Updating the stream status: 8 [00000409] main generic debug: thread ended [00000409] main generic debug: thread 2947820432 joined (dvdnav.c:367) [00000407] main demux debug: removing module "dvdnav" [00000406] main input debug: thread ended [00000368] main playlist debug: dead input [00000406] main input debug: thread 2956897168 joined (playlist/engine.c:244) [00000406] main input debug: TIMER input launching for 'dvd:///media/cdrom0' : 32.399 ms - Total 32.399 ms / 1 intvls (Avg 32.399 ms) [00000368] main playlist debug: starting new item [00000368] main playlist debug: changing item without a request (current 0/1) [00000368] main playlist debug: nothing to play

This dvd plays in smplayer (such as it is, with a lot of errors and very rocky, but it plays). *correction: used to play. Now the mplayer was also updated during this last install. Now it also does not work.
But it plays in VLC on a winOS partition.
Signing off, my bed is calling me.
glogo

[Arite]

OK, this is it, it's now downloading and maybe it will work.

You know what it was?

Code: Select all

The first package to install is debian-multimedia-keyring. First download the debian-multimedia-keyring package. Then under root or with sudo do the following : "dpkg -i debian-multimedia-keyring_2008.10.16.deb" or "sudo dpkg -i debian-multimedia-keyring_2008.10.16.deb" And voila.

Voila indeed.

Ah yes - you need to do that :3.

So do no DVDs work or it is just a specific one?

Arite.

[glogo]

Dear Arite,

well, you know how it is when there is this little voice in the back of your head, saying: try another one, and you are too tired, because it's way past bedtime and you ignore that?

about two dozen apologies for any irritated words. the player works, just not the other DVD. so who cares about one dvd? and it was a really old one anyway.

Maybe this thread should be titled:
"How to Install VLC Media Player (easily) in 3 to 5 days, (in spite of yourself)."

Thanks for your spartan words of encouragement. Very much appreciated.

warmly
glogo

PS. the older player may also have worked. but, I was doing this at night, very tired, after work, so never thought to test other discs... after all, the error was the same on both versions.

[Arite]

OK glad you got it working , albeit not for the DVD you wanted to play. The problem seems to be here:

Code: Select all

[00000407] dvdnav demux warning: cannot get next block (Error reading NAV packet.)

So libdvdnav (the latest version) is having trouble decoding the DVD. Since you said MPlayer also will no longer play it could be a regression in libdvdnav or something similar.

Cheers, Arite.