I am pretty sure this is what fixed it for me. I enabled SMBv1 services on my Windows 10 machine.Easy to reproduce, and has a non-secure workaround. Accessing files over SMB on a Linux share worked fine until I disabled SMB v1 to prevent wannacry and other vulnerabilities. Reenabling v1 makes the share show up again. Something in the SMB library used by VLC isn't recognizing serving software that isn't configured for SMB v1 (or doesn't support it).
I have the 4k Apple TV and I host my media on a Windows 10 shared folder. It didn't work until I re-enabled SMBv1 and restarted the computer.
There's a page here on playing with different SMB settings:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/hel ... indows-and
But all I did was search windows for "Turn Windows Features on or off", and somewhere in the list is "SMB 1.0/CIFS File Sharing Support". The above link also has the screenshot for this.