It seems, that VLC has no text-only streaming tool - so X is required everytime - right?
Nope. VLC features a RC-interface which can run in a normal command-line such as bash, tcsh, etc. or even through a telnet-connection. Additionally, there is a ncurses-interface (a GUI-like interface in a command-line) which does not require X or any other window-server as well. You'll need one for displaying a video of course, but for audio or streaming, RC and ncurses are fine.
There is no further development planned on VLS - everybody should use VLC?
Yes, that's it. There are only very rare circumstances which force you to continue to use VLS. VLC is almost able to do the same things as VLS, even streaming multiple streams at the same time within one instance.
Is it possible to stream the Input from a simple bt848 videodecordercard with VLC?
No clue. I got no experience on this topic. What I heard and read is that VLC supports all V4L-acquisition-cards under Linux and most DirectShow-devices under Win32.